@article {1159,
	title = {Neither Here, Nor There: The Vicious Circle of Liminality among Ukrainian Forced Migrants in Poland},
	journal = {Central and Eastern European Migration Review},
	volume = {15},
	year = {2026},
	pages = {267-292},
	chapter = {267},
	abstract = {<p>The full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 forced many Ukrainians \&ndash; including highly educated, middle-aged women with no previous migration experience \&ndash; to migrate. As a result, they found themselves in liminality \&ndash; suspended between past and future, old and new identities and different socio-political contexts; they are \&lsquo;no longer there\&rsquo; (in Ukraine) and they are \&lsquo;not yet\&rsquo; fully \&lsquo;here\&rsquo; (in Poland). This article explores three different sources of this state among Ukrainian women: disrupted life paths, fractured identity and belonging tensions. The first source is related to the experience of war and forced migration, which has led to an existential crisis characterised by a sense of uncertainty, disorientation and limited agency. The second source is fractured identity, which involves an identity crisis manifested in self-perception dissonance, the reconfiguration of socio-professional roles and processes of self-redefinition. The final source is belonging tensions, which caused a belonging crisis marked by experiences of marginalisation and social exclusion by both Ukrainian and Polish society, which necessitates a constant renegotiation of social perception. This multifaceted crisis generates a vicious circle of liminality among migrant women which is challenging to overcome. This article demonstrates that liminality is a multidimensional, intersectional and dynamic process, characterised by continuous shifts and transformations.</p><p>\&nbsp;</p>},
	keywords = {belonging crisis, existential crisis, identity crisis, liminality, middle-aged female migrants, middle-class migrants, Ukrainian forced migration},
	issn = {2300-1682},
	doi = {10.54667/ceemr.2026.15},
	author = {Kyliushyk, Ivanna and Winogrodzka, Dominika and Chr{\'o}l, Emil}
}
