02355nas a2200193   4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165300001000234490000600244520164400250653001501894653002201909653001301931653003901944653001901983100002202002856013702024       2014                        eng d  a2300-168200aEthnicity, Labour and Mobility in the Contemporary Borderland. A Case Study of a Transcarpathian Township0 aEthnicity Labour and Mobility in the Contemporary Borderland A C  a27-390 v33 aThe article explores the connections between social, political, economic and ethnic processes in the Ukrainian-Romanian borderland. The aim is to describe how borderlanders work out strategies to overcome the contradictions inherent in the state border. The study is based on ethnographical fieldwork (participant and non-participant observation) conducted in a small town, a former mining centre, in the region of Transcarpathia in Western Ukraine. I point to the political changes in the late 20th and early 21st centuries (the collapse of the Soviet bloc and Ukraine neighbours’ integration in the European Union) and their impact on local social life. The crucial aspect, linked to the town’s geographical setting, is the role of the state border, which changes in accordance with the political changes in the region and in Europe. First, the collapse of the communist dictatorships in Ukraine and Romania resulted in the opening of the border and an increase in cross-border contacts. However, in the first decade of the 21st century, Romania tightened its passport and visa regulations for Ukrainian citizens. Another factor is the complete disintegration of the mining industry and local labour market, resulting in significant changes in occupational patterns and a greater role of the border in respect of labour migration and shuttle trade. I also acknowledge local ethnic composition and argue that the use of ethno-national symbolism, languages, relations between ethnic minorities and their ‘external homelands’ constitute an inherent element of the strategies to overcome the lack of regular employment and poverty.  10aborderland10aethnic minorities10amobility10astrategically situated ethnography10aTranscarpathia1 aJóźwiak, Ignacy  uhttp://ceemr.uw.edu.pl/sites/default/files/CEEMR_Vol_3_No_1_Jozwiak_Ethnicity_Labour_and_Mobility_in_the_Contemporary_Borderland.pdf